연락처 : JE 이메일 : rosaline.lilley@googlemail.com

Abstract

The dynamic field of spintronics is fundamentally dependent on the engineering of exceptional platforms that possess unique magnetic properties. This detailed survey delves into the immense promise of multiple distinct families—Two-Dimensional (2D) Van der Waals materials—for future magnetoelectronic technologies. By reviewing a broad range of contemporary computational studies, this article aims to elucidate the distinct benefits found within these systems, including superior relaxation times, tunable spin detection, and extraordinary effects stemming from their inherent quantum symmetry. The review further examines the pressing obstacles and emerging research directions in this highly active area.

1. Introduction: Beyond Conventional Metallic Spintronics

Early spintronic architectures have largely been based on metallic materials including cobalt-iron and heavy metals such as platinum. While these materials pioneered seminal advances like giant magnetoresistance (GMR), they often suffer from fundamental shortcomings, such as high spin scattering at junctions and challenging control of their electronic behavior. This has driven the extensive quest for novel systems that can mitigate these issues and unlock new phenomena. Enter the advent of Complex oxides, which present a powerful platform for manipulating spin dynamics with an exceptional degree of flexibility.

2. The Promise of Two-Dimensional (2D) Van der Waals Materials

The discovery of graphene sparked a new era in materials science, and its impact on spintronics has been substantial. Yet, beyond graphene, the library of 2D Van der Waals materials contains a vast spectrum of systems offering natural magnetism, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Their key characteristic lies in their ultra-smooth surfaces and van der Waals inter-plane forces, which enables the fabrication of clean junctions with suppressed disorder. This article details latest advances in employing these heterostructures for long-distance valley polarization, optically tunable spin lifetimes, and the emergence of exotic quantum phases like the quantum spin Hall effect that are critical for low-power quantum computing.

3. Organic Semiconductors: Towards Flexible and Tunable Spintronics

In sharp opposition to conventional oxide materials, polymer films provide a radically different set of opportunities for spintronic devices. Their primary attractions are their inherently weak spin-orbit coupling, which theoretically results in exceptionally long coherence times, and their molecular engineering, which enables for the precise design of electronic characteristics via chemical synthesis. Furthermore, their mechanical flexibility paves the way for the creation of flexible and inexpensive spintronic devices. This part of the review thoroughly examines the advancements in elucidating spin injection mechanisms in organic heterostructures, the impact of molecular packing, and the promising concept of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), where the helical geometry of films allows the filtering of electrons according to their spin orientation, a phenomenon with major implications for spin detection without ferromagnetic electrodes.

4. Complex Oxides: A Playground of Correlated Phenomena

Perovskite oxide structures represent a diverse and highly complex class of compounds where strong interactions between spin properties give rise to an extraordinary variety of functional properties, such as multiferroicity. This inherent complexity makes them a perfect platform for engineering unconventional spintronic functionalities. The review focuses on how the interface between two oxide materials can create a highly mobile sheet with unique magnetic properties, like Rashba spin-splitting. Furthermore, the strong coupling between structural and spin properties in magnetoelectric oxides offers the highly sought-after capability to manipulate spin states using an voltage instead of a power-dissipating spin current, a key requirement for ultra-low-power memory devices.

5. Conclusion and Future Outlook

The investigation of Two-Dimensional (2D) Van der Waals materials has decidedly opened up new avenues for spintronics. This review has illustrated their great promise to overcome inherent limitations of traditional material approaches and Ignou MBA Project to pave the way for hitherto unattainable device applications. Yet, significant obstacles persist. For van der Waals heterostructures, large-area and defect-free growth and fabrication with existing semiconductor technology are key. For molecular systems, a deeper understanding of spin relaxation processes and enhanced spin transport are essential. For perovskite structures, mastering the interface properties and attaining practical functionality of emergent phenomena are crucial. Future efforts will undoubtedly focus on hybrid integration of these platforms, leveraging the strengths of each to fabricate genuinely high-performance quantum devices that could reshape information technology as we know it.